Caring For Roses

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In the spring gardeners have an almost overwhelming urge to start work in the rose garden. However, in cold regions including the temperate Central States, this ambition should be withheld until the danger of a hard freeze is past.

Here are some rose gardening tips to help you along. When caring for roses, on established rose plants the first job is to remove the winter protection… mounds of soil from around the base of each bush. This soil should be carried away and not spread on top of the rose bed.

Correct pruning of roses is also important. On floribunda and grandiflora types of roses all that is necessary is to remove dead wood and small twiggy growth. All dead and winter-killed wood should be pruned back to where the canes have light-green centers instead of brown centers typical of dead wood.

In addition to this pruning, hybrid teas should be cut back to about one-half their height. The cut is best when made just above a good outside eye. On standard climbing roses all that is necessary in early spring is to prune out all dead wood. Other pruning can be done after the major flowering period in June is past. This consists of removing some of the older canes at ground level in order to encourage new growth on which the best flowers will be formed the following year.

Cultivate about the bushes and feed with a good rose fertilizer. The bushes respond quicker to the fertilizer if it is watered in. Repeat fertilizer application about once each month starting in April and discontinuing about September 1.

New rose beds should be carefully prepared. Select a site away from trees or shrubs so that their roots do not rob the roses of moisture and nutrients. The area should be well drained and should receive at least six hours of daily sun. Prepare the area by spading to a depth of 18 inches and incorporating with the soil some peat-moss and well-rotted manure or rotted compost. In the root area of every bush mix with the soil two handfuls each of superphosphate and bonemeal.

Upon receipt of bare-root roses (plants without soil), examine them carefully and prune off any broken canes or roots. It is a good idea to submerge the roots in a large bucket of water for a couple of hours just prior to planting. If roses are purchased in pots remove them carefully so as not to disturb the roots or the soil.

Space bushes about 18 to 22 inches apart and dig holes 12 to 14 inches deep and 16 inches in diameter. Make a pyramid-shape mound of soil in each hole. Place the roots carefully about this mound and adjust the depth of the plant by raising or lowering the mound. A good rule to follow is to plant so that the graft or bud union is about 2 inches below the surface of the soil. Rose plants from pots are set at the same depth or slightly deeper than they were in the pot. Return enough of the soil to the hole so that the roots have about a 2-inch coverage. Press soil firmly against the roots with your hands and then fill the hole with water. After the water is absorbed fill the hole with the remaining soil.

Protect newly set bushes by mounding soil from another part of the garden at least 10-inches high around the canes. After new rose shoots begin to grow, gradually remove all this additional soil. Roses from pots usually do not require this protection.
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When caring for roses it is almost essential to follow a good program of spraying or dusting with insecticides and fungicides to keep them healthy and free of diseases. Start regular weekly applications as soon as leaves appear in spring. A good general rose spray combining insecticide and fungicide is usually very satisfactory. However, at certain times of the year it may be necessary to use a special spray or dust. Spray in the evenings after the heat of the day is past but early enough so the leaves will dry before the night dew appears. Be sure to make a complete coverage of both sides of all leaves.

In dry weather the rose beds should be watered thoroughly at least once each week. Use a water wand or let the water run slowly out of the end of the hose under the bushes.

Remove full-blown or spent flowers every day. Cut them 1/4 inch above a good eye which is located above a five-leaflet leaf. Burn or dispose of these spent blooms away from the rose garden.

Roses are a source of much enjoyment and a very healthful hobby. But like all queens, the queen of flowers requires attention and care and will respond in proportion to the attention you lavish upon her. Following the basics and the rose flower growing tips outlined here will ensure she does just that.