All cacti are succulent plants, but not all succulents are cactus. Cacti are one of the most popular indoor plants of the succulent family. Many are native to the desert regions of the southern US and Mexico, where rainfall is usually low and there are extremes in temperature. On the other hand, some of the most floriferous cacti come to us from the warm and humid rain forests of South and Central America. Cacti are distinguished from other succulents by cushion-like growths on their stems called areoles from which the spines, hairs, flowers, and shoots develop.
The distinguishing feature of succulent plants is the presence of water-storing, fleshy tissue in their stems, leaves, or roots. It is this tissue that allows cacti and other succulents to withstand long periods of drought. Succulents are often divided into three groups depending on which part of the plant contains the moisture retaining tissue: stem succulents, leafy succulents, and caudiciform succulents. Most cacti fall into the stem succulent group.
Cacti and other succulents display a wide variety of size, shape, texture, color. Some have curved or straight spines, some have silky hair, while others have plump smooth surfaces and their shapes can range from squat or globular, to candelabra. Some bloom for relatively brief periods and bear large brightly colored flowers, while others flower for longer periods and produce many blooms. In cooler temperatures most succulents are either house plants grown in various types of containers or are grown in greenhouses.
Growing Cacti and succulents indoors: (greenhouse and home):
Most cacti and succulent plants used for outdoor cultivation in warm climates will thrive in an environmentally regulated greenhouse where light, humidity, temperature, and water are controlled. These plants are also very well suited for the warm and dry conditions of a heated home where some other plants will fail. Most cacti and other succulents require high levels of light and good ventilation although some of the more leafy plants may need protection from direct sunlight to avoid leaf scorching. It should be noted that one important group of succulent plants, the epiphytic group, requires a more shaded location in the house. These are among the most floriferous of cacti and include some of the most popular cacti: the Christmas Cactus, the Thanksgiving cactus, and the Easter cactus.
Growing Cacti And Succulent Plants Indoors can be grown in containers or in open beds in a greenhouse. Larger species can be grown in open beds either at floor level or in raised benches. Cacti and succulent plants from warm habitats require bright light and a fairly dry atmosphere to develop fully. Temperature in the greenhouse should be held close to 64 degrees F. There are some species that require higher than normal levels of humidity usually found in a greenhouse environment. These may do better in a conservatory setting with more humid conditions. If the humidity is too high it may cause brown irregular shaped spots to appear on the plant.
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Many cacti and succulent plants are very well adapted to living in houses in draft-free warm conditions where the relative humidity is less than 30 percent. They require only modest amounts of water and fertilizer and should be placed in a bright, sunny window. If not enough time can be spent in natural light, artificial lighting, either by white fluorescent tubes, or a combination of daylight and natural white fluorescent tubes, will give good results. The plants may require up to 15 hours of artificial light per day during the shorter days of fall and winter.
Cacti and other succulent plants do not do particularity well in ordinary garden soil. In their natural habitat most cacti and succulents grow in well-drained sandy soil and these conditions should be duplicated indoors. A good garden soil that has a pH level between 6 and 6.5 can be used as the basis of a home made soil mix. Both pot and growing medium should be sterile first to kill pests and weed seeds and to eliminate diseases. To 2 parts of sterile soil add one part peat, one part clean sharp sand, and a little slow-release fertilizer. Most commercial succulent mixes can be used right out of the bag. Ideally, these plants can be grown in pots with many drainage holes as excess water in the soil will cause rotting and will decay soon.
While Growing Cacti And Succulent Plants Indoors Water, cacti and succulent plants only enough to prevent shrinking and withering during the fall and winter months of shorter daylight hours. When watering, thoroughly water the plants to a point where the water flows out through the drain holes. Discard any excess water and always allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Remember that as daylight hours increase as springtime approaches, the plant's need for water decreases.
While Growing Cacti And Succulent Plants Indoors, Cacti and succulent plants do not require feeding during their dormant seasons. During the growing season in late spring and summer, feed them once or twice to help maintain healthy, vigorous growth and to encourage flowering. Liquid commercial fertilizers are available and are satisfactory if manufacturer’s directions are followed. Other house plant fertilizers higher in phosphorus than nitrogen and diluted to half the recommended rate can also be used. Some other succulents may be fertilized three or four times during their growing season.
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